Bank of England holds interest rate at 4.5%
A general view of the Bank of England in London, Thursday May 9, 2024. (Yui Mok/PA via AP)
Updated on March 20, 2025 at 9:05 p.m.
LONDON, United Kingdom — The Bank of England kept its key interest rate at 4.5 percent Thursday, as it warned of “a lot of economic uncertainty” caused largely by US President Donald Trump’s tariffs.
The BoE left borrowing costs at 4.5 percent, opting against a fourth cut in seven months despite stagnant UK economic growth as inflation stays elevated.
On Wednesday, the US Federal Reserve and Bank of Japan held borrowing costs steady, while Switzerland’s central bank trimmed rates Thursday.
“There’s a lot of economic uncertainty at the moment,” Bank of England governor Andrew Bailey said in a statement.
READ: Bank of Japan leaves key interest rate unchanged at 0.5%
The BoE noted in minutes of a regular policy meeting that “global trade policy uncertainty has intensified”.
“Other geopolitical uncertainties have also increased and indicators of financial market volatility have risen globally.
“The German government has announced plans for significant reform to its fiscal rules,” the central bank said.
Bailey added that the BoE still thinks “that interest rates are on a gradually declining path”.
Analysts said this indicated, as expected, that the bank would cut at its next regular monetary policy meeting in May.
‘Work to do’
Official data Thursday showed that while British unemployment steadied at the start of the year, wages growth remains far above the annual inflation rate.
At the same time, the Consumer Prices Index jumped more than expected to 3.0 percent in January, which is above the BoE’s two-percent target.
The UK economy meanwhile unexpectedly shrank in January.
“We’ve had three rate cuts since the summer, but there’s still work to do to ease the cost of living,” finance minister Rachel Reeves said in reaction to the latest BoE decision, backed by eight of the Monetary Policy Committee’s nine policymakers, including Bailey.
Across the Atlantic, the Fed on Wednesday kept rates unchanged and warned of increased economic uncertainty as it seeks to navigate an economy unnerved by Trump’s stop-start tariff rollout.
READ: US Fed flags rising economic uncertainty, pauses rate cuts again
Policymakers voted to hold the US central bank’s key lending rate at between 4.25 percent and 4.50 percent.
They also cut their growth forecast for this year and hiked the inflation outlook, while still pencilling in two rate cuts this year — in line with their previous forecast in December.
Dovish ECB
This contrasted with the European Central Bank, which earlier this month cut borrowing costs to boost a struggling eurozone economy.
However, the ECB suggested that easing could be near an end as it warned of “rising” economic uncertainty, while noting a planned colossal spending boost for Germany’s defence and infrastructure that risks a spike to inflation.
In Britain, the BoE last month halved its forecast for the country’s total output this year, blaming global risks amid US tariff threats and deteriorating UK business confidence.
That came as the central bank in February cut its key interest rate by a quarter point, easing slightly the pressure on the UK government, which is struggling with tight public finances.
Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s Labour administration this week announced contested cuts to disability welfare payments, hoping to save more than £5 billion ($6.5 billion) by 2030 as it looks to shore up Treasury coffers.
