Euro zone inflation dips but stubborn core prices may worry ECB
A shopper pays with a twenty Euro banknote at a local market in Nantes, France, Feb 1, 2024. REUTERS/Stephane Mahe/files
FRANKFURT — Euro zone inflation dipped further this month, strengthening the case for the European Central Bank to start easing interest rates from record highs later this year, even if data suggest a much slower decline in underlying price pressures.
The ECB has kept interest rates at record highs since September but talk has decisively shifted to cuts as price growth is now moving closer to target, even if some crucial areas like services and wage growth remain a concern.
Inflation eased in Germany, France and Spain, while labor market slack in Germany, the 20-nation euro zone’s biggest economy, increased a touch, potentially pointing to some easing wage pressures, national authorities said.
The figures, broadly in line with estimates, suggest that euro zone inflation, to be published on Friday, will show a slowdown to around 2.5 percent in February from 2.8 percent January, moving even closer to the ECB’s own 2 percent target.
READ: European Central Bank leaves key interest rate at a record high
“Overall, today’s prints show that the disinflation process continues in the euro zone and suggest we will see a small decline in the February print,” Leo Barincou at Oxford Economics said in a note.
Germany, France and Spain inflation
Inflation dipped to 2.7 percent from 3.1 percent in Germany, to 3.1 percent from 3.4 percent in France, and to 2.9 percent from 3.5 percent in Spain, with falls driven primarily by energy and food prices.
Still, ECB policymakers are likely to argue that volatile items are dragging down overall inflation and that is masking less favorable trends for underlying prices.
“Underneath the favorable headline inflation rate, there are still enough price pressures to worry about – which should deter the ECB from cutting rates too early,” ING economist Carsten Brzeski said.
In Germany, core inflation held stead at 3.4 percent as services price growth remained quick while in France, services inflation slowed to just 3.1 percent from 3.2 percent. Spanish core inflation was still 3.4 percent, uncomfortable readings that could point to a rebound in overall price growth further down the road.
READ: Euro zone consumers slash inflation expectations – ECB survey
The ECB will next meet on March 7 and while no policy change is expected, the bank is likely to acknowledge the improved inflation outlook, which will eventually open the door to rate cuts, perhaps around mid-year.
Labor market poses risk
Thursday’s national data also offered some mild good news on the labor market, the single biggest risk factor for prices because wage growth is too rapid.
The number of people out of work in Germany increased more than expected in February with the number of unemployed growing by 11,000 to 2.713 million.
The change is minor, however, and the jobless rate remained stable at 5.9 percent, doing little to lift the euro zone’s own rate from a record low 6.4 percent.
The tight labor market is an anomaly. The euro zone economy has stagnated for the past six quarters and unemployment would normally rise sharply in such an environment.
But firms are hanging onto labor, thanks to healthy margins and because firms fear that finding labor will be difficult once the upswing starts.
“Despite some mixed aspects, the (German) labor market data continue to be very resilient, given the weakness in overall growth,” JPMorgan economic Greg Fuzesi said. “High levels of labor shortages, weakness in the workweek and decent corporate positions may be contributing to this.”
