Dollar rally on hold as upbeat China PMI data sparks risk-on mood

SINGAPORE  – The dollar eased on Wednesday after China’s manufacturing activity expanded at its fastest pace since April 2012 and exceeded forecasts, sending traders flocking towards riskier assets on renewed optimism and away from the safe-haven dollar.

The yuan and the Australian and New Zealand dollars were among the largest beneficiaries of the robust Chinese economic data, which smashed expectations with the official manufacturing purchasing managers’ index (PMI) shooting up to 52.6 last month from 50.1 in January.

Similarly, China’s non-manufacturing activity grew at a faster pace in February, while the Caixin/S&P Global manufacturing PMI reading for last month likewise surpassed market expectations.

The onshore yuan was last roughly 0.4 percent higher at 6.9040 per dollar, while the offshore yuan jumped a more pronounced 0.6 percent to 6.9143 per dollar.

“The strong set of China PMIs breathed some life into the China reopening trade,” said Christopher Wong, a currency strategist at OCBC.

The kiwi surged 0.52 percent to $0.62165, while the Aussie gained 0.3 percent to $0.6749, reversing its slide to a two-month low earlier on Wednesday following soft domestic economic data.

The antipodean currencies are often used as liquid proxies for the yuan.

Australia’s economy grew at the weakest pace in a year last quarter while the country’s monthly consumer prices rose less than expected in January, separate data showed on Wednesday, which could make the case for a slower pace of rate hikes by the Reserve Bank of Australia.

“I think market participants will pay a close look to the January CPI indicator in order to gauge the near-term outlook for RBA policy,” said Carol Kong, a currency strategist at Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA).

“But given what the RBA said at the last meeting, they seem to have already made up their minds and want to further raise interest rates.”

Across the board, the U.S. dollar edged lower on Wednesday as markets cheered the revival of activity in the world’s second-largest economy following China’s exit from its stringent COVID policies late last year.

That revived some optimism for the China-reopening trade and raised hopes of a more subdued downturn in the global economy in the wake of aggressive interest rate hikes by major central banks.

The euro rose 0.14 percent to $1.0591, recouping some of its losses from the previous session.

Inflation in two of the euro zone’s biggest economies rose unexpectedly in February, data showed on Tuesday, pushing up rate hike expectations by the European Central Bank (ECB).

“While still-high U.S. inflation augurs more Fed tightening, euro area inflation is higher and stickier in 2023, and the ECB has more tightening to do than the Fed,” said Thierry Wizman, Macquarie’s global FX and rates strategist.

Sterling edged 0.22 percent higher to $1.2045, having surged 1 percent at the start of the week after Britain struck a post-Brexit Northern Ireland trade deal with the European Union.

British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak was in Northern Ireland and then met with his own lawmakers on Tuesday to sell the new deal.

Against a basket of currencies, the U.S. dollar index fell 0.11 percent to 104.87.

The index had risen nearly 3 percent in February, its first monthly gain after a four-month losing streak, as a slew of strong U.S. economic data in recent weeks raised market expectations that the Federal Reserve has further to go in hiking rates.

Futures pricing currently suggests a peak of around 5.4 percent in the Fed funds rate by September.

“We see the Fed going to 5.5 percent, with a growing risk of 6 percent,” said Michael Every, global strategist at Rabobank. “The Fed is hiking. Others can’t follow or match. The dollar will soar.”

Elsewhere, the dollar rose 0.15 percent against the Japanese yen to 136.41, after having spiked close to 5 percent against the yen in February, its largest monthly gain since last June.