People wearing protective masks to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID) walk through a pedestrian bridge during the afternoon rush hours at the business district in Jakarta, Indonesia. REUTERS/Willy Kurniawan/File photo
JAKARTA -Indonesia’s economic growth accelerated in the April-June quarter amid an export boom driven by rising commodity prices, official data showed on Friday, but monetary tightening, rising inflation and a global recession risk threaten the outlook.
Second-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) was up 5.44 percent on a year earlier, showing the fastest growth rate in a year, according to Statistics Indonesia data. That beat the median forecast for a 5.17 percent rise in a Reuters poll and the first quarter’s 5.01 percent annual growth.
Exports expanded nearly 20 percent from a year before, a performance that the statistics bureau called “impressive”. This compared with 16.22 percent seen in the previous quarter.
Indonesia, Southeast Asia’s largest economy, is a major exporter of palm oil, coal, nickel and tin. With the war in Ukraine fueling an upward cycle in commodity prices this year, the country has seen exports soaring, shoring up its economic resilience.
Household consumption, which accounts for more than half of GDP, recovered further after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, with the Eid al-Fitr celebration in May providing a further boost. However, investment slowed.
By sector, food and beverages, mining, construction and transport and warehousing saw faster expansion than in the previous period.
It is “strong growth but it won’t last as headwinds mount,” Gareth Leather, an analyst with Capital Economics, said in a note, predicting exports would be affected by declining commodity prices and a global growth slowdown.
Prices of palm oil have plunged in recent months, but Indonesian coal prices are still hovering around record highs due to strong demand from such markets as Europe.
Already, Indonesia’s central bank said last month the rise in full-year GDP for 2022 would be at the lower end of the range of 4.5 percent to 5.3 percent. It previously forecast growth in the middle of that range.
In lowering its forecast, Bank Indonesia (BI) said a global slowdown would dent exports and a rise in inflation at home would slow recovery in consumption.
Consumer prices in July were up 4.94 percent from a year earlier, marking a seven-year high in inflation and prompting calls by economists for BI to lift interest rates from pandemic-era lows.
While the latest GDP data showed “the relatively insular nature of Indonesia’s economy” at a time when recession fears dominate headlines, the fact that the economy was doing well should push BI to hike interest rates, said Wellian Wiranto, an economist with OCBC.
OCBC expects the central bank to raise interest rate at this month’s policy review.
Chief economic minister Airlangga Hartarto said he was optimistic growth in full-year 2022 GDP would reach the government’s 5.2 percent target. He noted low COVID-19 case numbers and recent investment pledges by foreign companies.
But the economy was still recovering from the pandemic, he said, adding: “We hope BI will not be in a hurry” to raise interest rates.
Companies such as South Korean steel firm POSCO Holdings and Japanese carmakers Toyota Motor Corp and Mitsubishi Motor Corp last week announced plans to increase investment in Indonesia.