KUALA LUMPUR — The United States is set to supplant China as Malaysia’s top source of investment, amid an increasingly bitter trade war between the two superpowers that has reconfigured global supply chains, especially in developing South-east Asia.
Malaysia has lost out to its regional peers in capturing investment fleeing from tariff-hit China, but US companies have dived deep here, more than tripling last year’s manufacturing investments in the first quarter of this year alone.
Chinese firms may have been dissuaded by soured relations with Beijing after the Pakatan Harapan coalition led by Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad won the May 2018 election and followed through with its pledge to review a raft of Chinese projects.
US firms, however, see Malaysia as a “sweet spot” that addresses their concerns regarding cost, supportive infrastructure and market regulations, say analysts.
Barclays’ regional economist Brian Tan told The Straits Times: “Vietnam is cheap but its manufacturing ecosystem isn’t as developed. On the other end of the spectrum, labour costs are much higher in Singapore. This puts Malaysia in a nice middle ground.”
Data of approved foreign direct investment (FDI) shows Malaysia has lagged behind among Asean’s five developing economies (Asean-5) in luring Chinese firms, with Vietnam being the biggest winner so far. The other Asean-5 countries are Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines.
Malaysia saw a RM11.5 billion (S$3.8 billion) inflow in manufacturing FDI from the US in the first three months of this year, compared with just RM3.2 billion for last year.
Inflows from China paled in comparison at only RM4.4 billion, which was below the quarterly average last year.
China had been Malaysia’s biggest FDI contributor over the past three years.
But the warm relations formed by the previous Najib Razak administration were shaken by a new government that cancelled pipeline projects worth RM10 billion and seized back RM1 billion already paid to the Chinese contractor.
It reinstated the Beijing-backed East Coast Rail Link only after slashing the price tag by a third to RM44 billion.
Other China projects such as the massive Forest City property development in the Johor Strait are also under scrutiny.
Singapore Institute of International Affairs’ senior fellow Oh Ei Sun told ST: “There is apprehension in China as to Dr Mahathir’s flip-flopping attitude, but the main reason investors choose Vietnam is cost and work ethic.”
Deputy Minister of International Trade and Industry Ong Kian Ming told ST the US influx has largely come from the electrical and electronics space, with Jabil Circuit and Micron – which together will bring in RM1.5 billion – being the biggest names among 15 US firms that had their investments approved in the first quarter of this year.
“The industry is facing a turning point in its development, and the US-China trade war has created a unique window of opportunity which can catalyse the development of the entire industry in Malaysia for decades to come,” Dr Ong said.
Micron back-end operations senior vice-president Gursharan Singh said the expansion in Malaysia was in line with the group’s strategy to build a scaleable, agile and well-positioned global capacity model.
The company chose to invest in Penang due to “numerous advantages, including a high-quality supply chain for the electronics industry; logistics, sustainable manufacturing infrastructure; conducive business environment; access to talent and strong government support”, Mr Singh said when the plan was unveiled last November.
Trade tensions between the US and China remained high last week after US President Donald Trump threatened 10 per cent levies on a further US$300 billion (S$415 billion) in Chinese imports from Sept 1.
Beijing retaliated by allowing the yuan to fall, roiling markets and inviting accusations of currency manipulation from Washington.