Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III. (Photo by TOTO LOZANO / Presidential Photographers Division)
Tax administration and revenue sharing under a federal form of government are expected to be “very challenging,” the head of the Duterte administration’s economic team said Tuesday, even as the Department of Finance is readying to submit to Congress three more tax reform packages in the next six months.
“Let’s just say it will be challenging, very challenging because the tendency [will be for] different federal states to retain as much revenue as they can and give the national government as much expenses,” Finance Secretary Carlos G. Dominguez III said in response to a question posed to him during the 2018 inaugural meeting of the Management Association of the Philippines (MAP) regarding the administration’s plan to shift to a federal form of government.
“There’s potential for it to become a nightmare. We are watching it very closely, particularly the revenue-sharing schemes that are going to be put forward for the [proposed] federal government,” Dominguez added.
Also, Dominguez announced during the MAP event that “by the end of the month, we shall also be submitting [tax reform] ‘package two plus,’ which includes taxes on tobacco, alcohol, mining, coal, and casinos.”
Dominguez explained that package “two plus” will hike taxes slapped on alcoholic drinks and rationalize the bills already filed in both houses of Congress covering the other products and services.
“By the second half of the year, we aim to submit package three, which tackles property taxation, and finally package four, which tackles passive income and financial taxes,” Dominguez added.
“This ambitious yet achievable tax reform program is unlike anything we have seen before,” according to Dominguez.
With regards the second tax reform package already submitted for Congress’ consideration when it resumed session this month, Dominguez reiterated that “there will be no reduction in corporate income taxes unless there is a reduction in incentives.”
Asked last week if investors could be deterred by the conditional reduction in corporate income taxes, Dominguez replied: “No, I don’t think so. I think it focuses the issue—what do you want: lower income tax, or less incentives that are targeted, time-bound and measured? So it focuses the mind. So if you are a company, you will balance it—do I really need this incentive, or am I better off with lower income tax? So it’s always a balanced approach giving them a choice.”
For the second tax reform package as a whole, Dominguez told reporters that “our plan is always to have two sides of the coin—one revenue raising, one revenue reduction.”
“We will balance it; our approach is always balanced,” Dominguez said, citing the same tack in the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) Act, which slashed personal income tax rates but jacked up taxes on consumption.
Based on DOF presentations before industry associations, the second package aims to broaden the tax base by repealing 150 special laws on investment tax incentives and consolidating them into a single omnibus law.
It will likewise repeal exemptions of government-owned and/or controlled corporations, proprietary educational institutions and hospitals, regional headquarters, regional operating headquarters, incomes of resident foreign corporations from foreign currency transactions, nonresident cinematographic film owners, lessors or distributors, as well as owners or lessors of aircraft, machineries, vessels and other equipment.
While cutting down on incentives, the second tax reform package will bring down the corporate income tax rate starting Jan. 1, 2020 by 1 percentage point for every reduction in investment tax perks equivalent to 0.15 percent of gross domestic product in 2018 or an estimated P26 billion.
“The goal is to reduce the corporate income tax rate from 30 percent to 25 percent by 2022, while expanding the base by 0.75 percent of GDP or P130 billion in 2018 prices,” the DOF said.
Dominguez said the DOF expects the target to cut the foregone revenues from fiscal incentives to be easily attainable.
The second tax package will also improve compliance by simplifying the tax rules for corporations, including slashing the optional standard deduction to 20 percent of gross income for both individuals and corporations from 40 percent at present; allowing deductions, including net operating loss carryover and depreciation; as well as defining medium and large (on a conglomerate basis) taxpayers.
To avail of incentives, investments must be performance-based, with an independent body or the Fiscal Incentives Review Board (FIRB) to measure it; time-bound, to enjoy five-year income tax holiday and/or reduced rate with no extension except for the capital equipment duty perk; targeted, or based on the three-year investment priorities plan (IPP) covering both local and foreign investors that will serve both domestic and international markets; as well as transparent, with the name of beneficiaries and tax incentives to be reported by the FIRB.
Also among the proposed reforms under the second tax package include a regular review to be undertaken by the FIRB on all tax and other perks given away by the various investment promotions agencies (IPAs).
Under the DOF proposal, the Secretary of Finance can cancel or suspend the grant of incentives upon the review and recommendation of the FIRB, a power that the official does not have at present and currently held only by IPAs.
Rep. Dakila Carlo Cua, who chairs House ways and means committee, confirmed to reporters last Friday that they already received last week the DOF’s draft bill containing the second tax reform package.
Cua said Finance Undersecretary Karl Kendrick T. Chua will brief the House leadership about the new tax package on Wednesday. /je